HAVCR1 and acute kidney injury: Moreover, as KIM-1 is a transmembrane protein rather specific to renal tubular cells, it may also help localize therapeutic nanoparticles to kidneys for more precise treatment; (4) Meanwhile, as the global standards emphasize the significance of stratifying different AKI stages so as to provide more suitable and appropriate therapies, whether the novel diagnostics mentioned above can help grade patients warrants further exploration.