INS and metabolic syndrome: To date, only a few studies conducted on humans (Table 1) and animal models, namely Wistar rats and C57B1/6J mice (Table 2), showed the positive influence of chronic and acute PA (e.g., treadmill running, swimming, and aerobic exercises) or combined with the appropriate caloric restriction on the endocannabinoid signaling and subsequently, auspicious course of the metabolic syndrome, for instance, body weight loss, decreased waist circumference and visceral adipose tissue percentage, improved insulin signaling, or enhanced lipid profile.