TNF and colonic neoplasm: For example, treatment of colon cancer cells with CBR agonists, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and JWH-133, results in apoptosis and reduces invasiveness and migration to other regions by enhancing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)-induced ceramide synthesis, regulating ER stress-related genes and diminishing angiogenesis [14,15].