Therefore, evaluation of inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and COX-2, as well as the expression of transcription factors (e.g., Nrf2, AP1, NF-kB), antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD, GSH-Px), and other apoptosis-related proteins (e.g., Caspase-9 and -8, Bax, cytochrome C, JNK, p38) would be of extreme value to fully elucidate the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant mechanisms of Lut7, especially based on co-culturing systems (e.g., neuron and microglia-derived cells co-culture, 3D) or more complex models (e.g., in vivo models) of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, CYCS is linked to neurodegenerative disease.