CCN2 and cancer: While the detailed mechanisms that lie beneath this YAP effect remain to be clearly delineated, previous studies suggest that it generally involves the YAP function in the transactivation of gene expressions required for cell survival (Survivin, Bcl-2/Bcl-XL, etc.), DNA repair (p73, etc.), proliferation (EGFR/HER, Axl, cell cycle genes, MAPK, etc.), and cancer stem cells (SOX2, CTGF, Cyr61, etc.)[151,152].