Likewise, it is also important to note that loss CNVs in the PTCHD1 upstream region, including the exons of PTCHD1-AS and DDX53, are present in control population males (gnomAD) [22], and in males in both case and control large-scale research study cohorts, such as PGC schizophrenia (Figure 2) [23]. This evidence concerns the gene PTCHD1 and schizophrenia.