Notably, transcript levels for the chemokines IL8 and CXCL10, the inflammatory molecules SA100A8/9, and the receptor CD44 were significantly upregulated in BPD TE compared to No BPD No TE infants (Table 3; p < 0.05), influencing cell signaling and inflammatory cytokine pathways (e.g., Figure A2). Here, CXCL10 is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.