The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway that plays a fundamental role in the metabolic and mitogenic actions of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 has been reported to be sensibly altered in the course of type 2 diabetes and the underlying hyperglycemia. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and type 2 diabetes mellitus.