Hagemann et al. observed that the co-culture between macrophages and ovarian or BC cells could induce the activation of the JNK and NF-κB pathways in a TNF-α-dependent manner, subsequently increasing the invasion of tumor cells; further, blocking the activation of JNK and NF-κB pathways by neutralizing antibodies can abrogate tumor cell invasiveness [84]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and breast cancer.