CCL2 and breast cancer: For instance, Li et al. provided evidence demonstrating that TAM-derived CCL2 could activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, subsequently promoting the acquirement of tamoxifenresistance in BC cells, and when applying Bindarit, a CCL2 synthesis inhibitor, the secretion of CCL2 and the phosphorylation of both Akt and mTOR could be significantly attenuated [120].