TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma: For instance, Liu et al. found that TAM-derived transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) could upregulate HIF-1α to increase the tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) expression of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, subsequently activating the β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway, and as a result, facilitating the invasion of CRC cells [81].