VIM and breast cancer: To support this, in another study, Singh et al. found that macrophage-derived TNF-α induced the secretion of TGF-β1 in BC cells and then caused the DNA damage in BC cells by activating a survival pathway to deregulate DNA damage and ROS, subsequently leading to an increasing EMT by the upregulation of CREB phosphorylation and vimentin expression, while the neutralization of TNF-α by GolgiPlug (555029) could abrogate BC cell invasion and migration [86].