Other studies have reported promoter hypermethylation in different breast cancer genes that are implicated in DNA repair (e.g., BRCA1), apoptosis (e.g., BCL2), metastasis (e.g., TWIST), regulation of cell transcription (e.g., HOXA5), cell adhesion (e.g., CDH1), and hormone-mediated cell signaling (e.g., ERα/β) [40]. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and breast carcinoma.