The contribution of decreased activation of OXPHOS to DKD can be inferred from the observation that some genetic mutations in OXPHOS, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coenzyme Q5 (COQ5) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX6A1), are linked to DKD in humans [10]. The gene discussed is COX6A1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.