HP and Hepatic fibrosis: In chronic liver disease, the decrease in ApoA1 according to the progression of liver fibrosis was first described in 1986 [50,51], and has been successively included in multivariate biomarkers, mostly combined with A2M and haptoglobin, for the surveillance of chronic liver diseases including NAFLD and NASH with or without T2DM [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,52].