Nonetheless, it was reported that diabetes may activate hepatic ALAS1 in mice, and a case report revealed that the presence of concomitant overt diabetes mellitus in one patient with AIP was paralleled by the late manifestation of acute episodes, indicating that the impact of IR in AIP pathology needs to be further elucidated [46,47]. This evidence concerns the gene ALAS1 and autoimmune pancreatitis.