CAT and fetal growth restriction: We compared TBARS, HIF-1α, CAT, and SOD levels between COVID-19-positive women with and without complications during pregnancy and the CTRL group in order to rule out the potential contribution of pregnancy-related comorbidity (gestational hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia) or abnormal CTG-to-OxS markers and anti-oxidant overexpression.