MMP9 and inflammatory bowel disease: NF-κB is known to induce the expression of IL-8, while MMP-9 is able to proteolytically process CXCL8 into more potent isoforms [66]; indeed, elevated CXCL8 expression has been abundantly proven in IBD conditions [67], produced by a variety of cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, and intestinal epithelial cells, inducing an aberrant leukocyte chemoattraction, correlated with the severity of inflammation [68].