MLXIPL and hyperinsulinism: Hyperinsulinemia and the excess dietary intake of carbohydrates initiates DNL by supplying a large pool of substrates, which in turn stimulates the anabolic gene expression of lipogenic genes, such as ATP citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, through the sterol response element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) transcription factors [49,50].