ECHS1 and hydrops fetalis: The addition of 1% betaine caused 4.71-fold protein expression of HADHA, 3.36-fold of ECHS1 and 13.99-fold of ACOX1, 3.72-fold of ACAT1 and 11.64-fold of ACAA1A in the mouse liver compared to the HF group (p < 0.01).