MTOR and urinary bladder carcinoma: In this review, we first describe the mTOR signaling cascade, emphasizing differences between the mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling arms, highlight cell signaling and genomic alterations, describe therapeutic strategies employed to target aberrant mTOR signaling, and conclude with future directions of research that could more robustly define and target aberrant mTOR activity in bladder cancer.