TNF and neoplasm: EPA treatment inhibited the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in both the CaOV3 (Figure 9A) and SKOV3ip tumors (Figure 9C), which was validated by similar decreased levels of these inflammatory cytokines in the serum from mice of both tumor models (Figure 9B,D).