ALK and cancer: For example, RAF1 and BRAF fusions occur in pediatric hematological malignancies, brain tumors, sarcomas, melanomas, and other cancers [18], while fusions in oncogenes such as RAF, RET, ALK, NTRK, and FGFR have been reported in adult epithelial tumors, with some tumor-specific gene fusions defined as therapeutic, diagnostic, or prognostic biomarkers [19].