These HCC and renal tubular injuries were attenuated by a copper-chelating drug, D-penicillamine [15], indicating that copper is critical for these diseases, while Wilson’s disease patients, who carry ATP7B mutations, with increased copper accumulations and ROS in the mitochondria develop neurological, psychiatric, ophthalmological, and hepatic symptoms without frequent renal involvement [16]. The gene discussed is ATP7B; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.