Finally, the inclusion of an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is necessary in those patients with tumours exhibiting high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS), in consonance with the recent benefit demonstrated by the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) nivolumab and pembrolizumab [31,32] (Figure 1). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.