In a consecutive series of 102 men with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy, and 38 men without prostate cancer undergoing cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer, those with epithelial CD4+ Tregs in benign prostatic tissue were four-fold more likely to have prostate cancer, and these tumors had a higher Gleason grade and stage [62]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is prostate cancer.