NLRP3 and Sepsis: In addition, a large number of proteins in exosomes derived from LPS-treated macrophages are involved in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and the NLRP3 inflammasome is also activated after hepatocytes ingested LPS-treated macrophage-derived exosomes, suggesting the importance of macrophage-derived exosomes in sepsis-induced liver injury [50].