In addition to mitochondrial dysfunction, xanthine oxidase in the peroxisomal matrix and the peroxisomal membranes could be the source of ROS because it is possible to reduce cardiac atrophy via the administration of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor in rats that have been inoculated with AH-130 Yoshida hepatoma cells [35]. This evidence concerns the gene XDH and hepatocellular carcinoma.