Our results demonstrating the presence of CSF-1 in the epithelia of the various organs of Rosa Vav1 transgenic mice that develop B-cell lymphoma, points to the possibility that it can be produced in cells other than hematopoietic system, once signaling driven by proteins such as Vav1 are abnormally expressed (Figure 6). Here, VAV1 is linked to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.