As examples, the treatment of the rat insulinoma cell line INS1E with IL6 gives rise to the extremely transient phosphorylation of STAT3 [63], and while the treatment of EndoC-βH1 cells with IFNα induced both STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, STAT3 phosphorylation is more transient than STAT1 phosphorylation [62]. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and pancreatic insulinoma.