Figure 2G shows that the activation levels of c-Fos and c-Jun were increased after the treatment of LCA. Figure 7 illustrates the mechanism underlying the role of LCA in colorectal progression and the inhibitory effect of piperine on LCA-stimulated CRC progression, as well as the CRC-derived IL-8 effects on the endothelial cell angiogenic activity in the microenvironment, based on the above results. Here, JUN is linked to colorectal carcinoma.