Furthermore, the enrichment analysis of TF ChIP-seq data revealed that the IBD-associated SNPs were preferentially bound by STAT1 in monocytes (P = 1 × 10−22) and SPI1 in macrophages (P = 1 × 10−21), essential factors for inflammation and macrophage differentiation, respectively, which is consistent with the nature of IBD as an autoimmune disease (17). Here, STAT1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.