Furthermore, the enrichment analysis of TF ChIP-seq data revealed that the IBD-associated SNPs were preferentially bound by STAT1 in monocytes (P = 1 × 10−22) and SPI1 in macrophages (P = 1 × 10−21), essential factors for inflammation and macrophage differentiation, respectively, which is consistent with the nature of IBD as an autoimmune disease (17). This evidence concerns the gene TF and inflammatory bowel disease.