In other organs, NRF2 regulates intermediary metabolism through glycolytic branch pathways such as the PPP.113 In the liver, NRF2 can alter lipogenic as well as gluconeogenic and glycolytic pathways leading to fatty liver disease.114,115 In cancer cells, NRF2 activation is linked to increased expression of PPP enzymes and tumour progression.116,117. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and cancer.