NLRP3 and inflammatory bowel disease: Of note, dysregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome was mediated by active NF-κB (NLRP3 is a direct target gene of NF-κB and contains NF-κB-binding sites in its promoter region), and there have been compelling evidences showing that NLRP3 inflammasome via activation of NF-κB contributed to the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [78,79].