A persistent microinflammation status and oxidative stress characterized by high plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers with a molecular weight in the range of 15–50 kDa [71] (namely, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [72,73]) and disturbances in pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant balance [74] are now considered hallmark features of kidney failure [75], which is significantly associated with malnutrition, cardiovascular events, and enhanced all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients [76]. Here, TNF is linked to nutritional deficiency disease.