TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [51], seen for example with rituximab, trastuzumab, and ado-trastuzumab, may result from the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, which are elevated both in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and circulating plasma in ARDS patients [52].