Paradoxically, overexpression of certain AMPs (Attacin, Metchnikowin, cecropin A1, and Defensin) in Drosophila can impart cytotoxicity of muscle and fat cells, cognitive decline, and decreased lifespan (Kounatidis et al., 2017; Badinloo et al., 2018), while overexpression of other AMPs, such as Drosocin, extends Drosophila lifespan by specifically protecting the intestinal epithelium (Loch et al., 2017) (Table 1). Here, ADSL is linked to Mental deterioration.