TNF and bacterial meningitis: In support of the anti-inflammatory properties of AMPs, intracerebroventricular infusion of CRAMP decreases the mortality rate in a mouse model of bacterial meningitis, likely associated with the reduction in the abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), specifically in the hippocampus (Dörr et al., 2015).