AHR and vitiligo: With the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of vitiligo, it was found that this is related to antioxidant signaling pathways, including nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-Akt (PI3K-Akt), wingless/integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin, aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPKs) (Figure 1).