In the tumor, EV-DAMPs have been shown to engage both plasma membrane-localized TLRs (e.g., TLR2 and TLR4) and endosomal TLRs (e.g. TLR3, 7, and 9) driving potent responses via the transcription factor, NFκB (51). The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is neoplasm.