CASP4 and chronic kidney disease: Caspase 4 SGs in CKD had functional pathways, namely, synaptogenesis signaling, leukocyte extravasation, phospholipase C signaling, Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages and monocytes, opioid signaling, endothelin 1 signaling, hepatic fibrosis signaling, IL-8 signaling, and neuroinflammation signaling.