Our search criteria included the following keywords, both combined and separated: “COVID-19”, “Latent TB”, “Active TB”, “Tuberculosis”, “SARS”, “MERS”, “immune response”, “anti-inflammatory agents”, “epidemiology”, “bronchiectasis”, “fibrosis”, “cavitation”, “TB treatment”, “IL-10”, “TNF-α”, “IFN”, “TGF-β”, “IL-35”, “Regulatory T cells” and “co-infection”. Here, TNF is linked to tuberculosis.