Genes down-regulated in response to CS and COPD weretargeted with activating ligands or with ligands mimicking an active state ofthe protein, whereas genes up-regulated in response to CS and COPD were targetedusing antagonists, with the exception of ACSS2 andCHRM3 for which we included both an agonistand an antagonist. The gene discussed is ACSS2; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.