FBXO32 and Cachexia: In the C-26 mouse model of cachexia, lower levels of phosphorylated AKT in muscle correlate with muscle wasting (Asp et al., 2010) and with increased expression in muscle of two key muscle-specific ubiquitin E3 ligases of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (Asp et al., 2010; Talbert et al., 2019): muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1; also known as TRIM63) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx; also known as FBXO32)/atrogin-1 (Bodine et al., 2001; Gomes et al., 2001).