Interestingly, although tumor cells in this model are genetically identical to the adult RasV12 scrib−/− tumors described above, larval tumors employ a different mechanism to induce body wasting as they promote muscle breakdown by activating the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT; also known as Hop/Stat92E in fly) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; also known as Egr in fly) pathways (Box 1) (Hodgson et al., 2021). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neoplasm.