The detection of these auto-Abs before the occurrence of disease may lead to specific measures being taken, such as vaccination against the pathogen, or treatment with mAb against the pathogen, or early treatment with exogenous recombinant cytokines (e.g., IFN-β) following infection, as exemplified by COVID-19 (Vinh et al., 2021). Here, IFNB1 is linked to infection.