However, in vivo case control studies of children and adults with craniophiopharyngiomas (109, 110, 111) and non-functioning pituitary adenomas (112, 113) show no increased risk of recurrence or tumour progression with GH therapy, including in those patients who have post-operative tumour remnants and in those patients treated with or without radiotherapy. The gene discussed is GH1; the disease is pituitary gland adenoma.