Several inflammatory cytokine and growth factors including TGF‐β, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, leukotriene B4 and pletelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) were shown to be important indicators for the progression of PA remodelling in PAH.25, 26, 27. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.