CD27 and autoimmune disease: Since IFN-γ signal was reported to drive double negative 2 (DN2) (CD27−, IgD−, CXCR5− and CD11c+) B cell differentiation into plasma cells in autoimmune diseases following stimulation with TLR7/8 and IL-2122, 27, we next included IFN-γ, Th1-derived signals, in atypical MBC culture to enhance their differentiation.