Furthermore, re-introducing these variants into DLD1-PDK1−/− or SW480-shPDK1 cells increased pT308-AKT (Fig. 6a and Supplementary Fig. 8d), and robustly promoted cancer cell oncogenic capabilities measured by colony formation and soft agar assays (Fig. 6b, c and Supplementary Fig. 8e). Here, AKT1 is linked to cancer.