AMBRA1 and neoplasm: To test whether suppression of AMBRA1 can block the DHT’s suppressive effect on PCa tumor growth in a xenograft model in vivo, we generated cells with stable expression of sh-AMBRA1 as well as vector control (PLKO) cells that were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice with following treatment options, (1) pLKO + EtOH, (2) pLKO + testosterone, (3) sh-AMBRA1 + EtOH, and (4) sh-AMBRA1 + testosterone (Fig. 6A).