Based on these clinical data analysis and the well-established rate-limiting FAO cascade of CPT1, CPT2, and ACAD9 in mitochondrial FA transportation and digestion (Supplementary Fig. 1g)44–46, we hypothesized that CPT1A, CPT2, and ACAD9 are the key FAO enzymes for rewiring metabolism by enhancing FA digestion that not only can meet the enhanced cellular fuel demand for tumor cell proliferation but also upregulate CD47 expression to protect tumor cells from macrophage-mediated immune surveillance, leading to the aggressive growth with immunosuppression in the radioresistant GBM. Here, ACAD9 is linked to glioblastoma.