Thirteen modules and 10 sputum mediators were significantly correlated with the neutrophil-associated ARGs, among which M379 enriched with arachidonic acid metabolism and matrix metallopeptidase 8 (MMP-8) exhibited the strongest associations with overall resistome profiles in neutrophilic-predominant COPD participants (canonical correspondence analysis, P < 0.05; Fig. 2c and Table S5). The gene discussed is MMP8; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.