ADIPOQ and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results showed their concentrations in prediabetes vs. in T2DM vs. in the healthy to be as follows: adiponectin (5.12 ± 2.31 vs. 4.79 ± 1.92 vs. 5.74 ± 1.91 μg/ml), nesfatin-1 (802.58 ± 570.13 vs. 489.85 ± 349.92 vs. 1,034.54 ± 1,174.07 pg/ml), TNF-α (382.81 ± 308.63 vs. 663.95 ± 693.19 vs. 342.06 ± 160.89 pg/ml), and IL-6 (29.69 ± 29.41 vs. 38.46 ± 60.48 vs. 16.55 ± 15.29 pg/ml), indicating that the serum levels of these cytokines in prediabetes were between those in T2DM and the healthy group.