TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The outcome in Table 4 disclosed that TNF-α (OR = 5.541, P = 0.001), HOMA-IR (OR = 8.168, P < 0.001), TG (OR = 3.277, P = 0.024), eGFR (OR = 13.655, P = 0.027), and 2-h BG (OR = 56.802, P = 0.002) were the risk factors that may contribute to the development of prediabetes into T2DM, whereas insulin (OR = 0.157, P = 0.016), TC (OR = 0.325, P = 0.022), and TB (OR = 0.110, P = 0.012) were protective factors that may impede the process.