Thorsson et al. have identified a pan-cancer immune classification which encompasses almost all human malignancies and consists of six immune subtypes ranking from tumor promoting to tumor inhibiting, respectively: C1 (wound healing), C2 (INF-r dominant), C3 (inflammatory), C4 (lymphocyte depleted), C5 (immunologically quiet), and C6 (TGF-β dominant) (24). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.